Work Motivation
Work motivation is created through five key factors. People’s attitudes and behaviour towards their jobs, such as their motivation, job satisfaction and the quality of work are influenced by various critical psychological states. These are the degree to which they experience work as being meaningful, feel responsibility for the outcome of their work and have knowledge of the results of their work. These critical psychological states are, in turn, influenced by five core job dimensions or job characteristics.
SKILL VARIETY
Skill variety is defined as the degree to which a variety of activities are employed at work and the use of a number of different skills and talents of the person. Staff are only likely to get a sense of achievement if they feel that they are contributing specific skills, and skills that they value. A job using valued skills is likely to offer scope for learning.
TASK IDENTITY
Task identity is defined as the degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable task – doing a job from beginning to end with a visible outcome.
TASK SIGNIFICANCE
Task significance is defined as the degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people, whether in the immediate organisation or in the external environment. Staff should receive regular feedback to show how their work is contributing to the main goals of the organisation. Staff need to know what they are doing what they are doing in the way they are doing it. It is a management task to ensure that each member of staff is helped to realise the full significance of their task.
AUTONOMY
Autonomy is defined as the degree to which the job provides substantial freedom, independence and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out. Autonomy is necessary if a person is to feel a strong personal responsibility for the successes and failures of the job.
FEEDBACK
Feedback is often neglected by management; but praise and recognition for good work are very important for motivation.
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